Presentación del dossier. Lecciones de América Latina sobre las dimensiones racionales, cognitivas e institucionales del cambio de políticas
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La revisión de la literatura especializada lleva a identificar tres tipos de enfoques analíticos del cambio de políticas. Los racionalistas –con las teorías del incrementalismo, las corrientes múltiples y el equilibrio puntuado– privilegian el proceso de toma de decisión y la racionalidad (limitada) de los actores. Los cognitivistas –con el marco analítico de coaliciones promotoras, la teoría de los referenciales globales/sectoriales y la teoría crítica– hacen hincapié en las representaciones de los problemas de políticas y los discursos legitimadores de decisiones. Los neoinstitucionalistas –con las teorías de la lógica de lo adecuado, la dependencia de la trayectoria y los tres órdenes de cambio de políticas– subrayan la importancia de las instituciones formales e informales en el desenvolvimiento de las políticas públicas.
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