Órdenes crimilegales: repensando el poder político del crimen organizado
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A pesar de su relevancia para entender el cambio político y la inestabilidad en muchas partes del sur global, la relación entre el crimen organizado y los órdenes políticos sigue sin estudiarse a fondo. Este artículo introduce el novedoso concepto de “crimilegalidad” para abordar este asunto. Recurriendo a las concepciones de orden político elaboradas por Weber, Fukuyama y North, Wallis y Weingast, se explica cómo los patrones regulares de intercambio e interacción social –entre actores privados y públicos, y estatales y no-estatales que se extienden sobre la brecha que comúnmente divide al ámbito de la legalidad (“mundo legítimo”) del ámbito de la criminalidad (“bajo mundo ilegítimo”)– influyen en el carácter, la forma y la evolución del orden político. Se sugiere que es en los órdenes crimilegales donde la criminalidad organizada adquiere mayor poder político y que los oligopolios de la coerción y violencia son elementos constitutivos de tales órdenes. Este artículo concluye con algunas ideas acerca de cómo el concepto de crimilegalidad puede ser adoptado de manera útil en los ámbitos de la construcción de paz y la mitigación de la violencia no asociada con los conflictos armados en América Latina y otras partes del mundo contemporáneo.
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